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Shapiro delay

(Shapiro time delay)
(EMR delay due to passing near massive object)

The Shapiro delay (or Shapiro time delay) is a specific kind of gravitational time delay due to EMR slowing while it passes close to a massive object, from general relativity (GR) effects. The effect was confirmed in the 1960s in an experiment bouncing radar off Venus at a time when such a delay was calculated to be measurable due to the mass of the Sun. This was a GR confirmation, and also demonstrated it must be taken into account regarding precise measurements of EMR transients, such as in pulsar timing array (PTA) studies.


(physics,relativity)
Further reading:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapiro_time_delay
https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/s/Shapiro+Delay
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964PhRvL..13..789S/abstract
https://122.physics.ucdavis.edu/course/cosmology/sites/default/files/files/Shapiro-PRL.pdf
https://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath750/kmath750.htm

Referenced by pages:
Einstein delay
pulsar timing array (PTA)

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